اللغة الإنجليزية
What Is a Topic Sentence?
The sentence that tells a reader what a paragraph is arguing. Three facts shown with and without one, and the skim test that proves yours is doing its job.
Topic sentence
A topic sentence states the single point a paragraph will make, so that every sentence after it can be read as support for that point.
- يُسمّى أيضاً
- Point sentence
- أين يقابله الطلاب
- Grade 6 writing, as soon as paragraphs are expected to be planned rather than to simply happen, and in every essay after that, where it is usually taught as the point in a point-evidence-explanation paragraph.
الإجابة باختصار
A topic sentence is the sentence that states what a paragraph is arguing, usually its first. It makes a claim the rest of the paragraph then supports with evidence. If a reader could delete every other sentence and still know the paragraph's point, the topic sentence is doing its job.
مثال
Without: 'Scrooge says the poor should go to the workhouse. He turns away the charity collectors. He begrudges Bob Cratchit his coal.'
Three true statements in a row, and no paragraph. The reader can see the evidence but not the argument, and has to assemble the point themselves — which they will do differently from you, if they bother. Put one sentence in front of them, 'Dickens establishes Scrooge's meanness as a public position rather than a private habit', and every sentence that follows changes job. Each one is now proof of something specific. Nothing else in the paragraph has been altered, and no new material has been added.
What the sentence is actually for
A topic sentence is not a summary and not an announcement. It is a claim — something a reader could dispute — and everything after it exists to make disputing it hard. This is the distinction that decides whether a paragraph reads as analysis or as retelling, and it is settled entirely in the first line.
It also does something for the writer that is easy to miss. Once the claim is written down, the paragraph has a boundary: any sentence that does not support it does not belong, and the question of what to cut stops being a matter of taste.
The skim test
Read only the first sentence of each paragraph, in order, and nothing else. If what you hear is an argument moving forward in steps, the topic sentences are working. If what you hear is a sequence of plot events, they are summaries wearing the right jacket, and the essay will read as retelling however good the quotations inside it are.
There is a second check for individual paragraphs. Ask whether the evidence in the paragraph supports the claim you made, or a slightly different one that emerged while you were writing. Drift of that kind is extremely common and almost invisible from the inside, and the repair is usually to rewrite the opening line rather than the body.
When it is not the first sentence, and when there is none
A paragraph often opens with a link to the one before it and puts the claim second, which is perfectly sound: the requirement is that the claim arrives early, not that it arrives first. Occasionally a paragraph builds towards its point and states it last, and that works when the delay is doing something.
None of this applies to narrative writing. A story told in paragraphs that each announce their argument would be unreadable, and asking a student to put topic sentences into a piece of descriptive writing is a rule applied where it was never meant to go. Topic sentences belong to argument.
أسئلة شائعة
Does every paragraph need a topic sentence?
Every paragraph in an essay does, or something doing the same job within the first line or two. Narrative and descriptive writing do not, and forcing them in damages the piece. The rule is about paragraphs that argue, not about paragraphs in general.
What is the difference between a topic sentence and a thesis statement?
Scope. A thesis governs the whole essay; a topic sentence governs one paragraph. A useful relationship between them is that each topic sentence should read as a step in proving the thesis, which is why the skim test works — the topic sentences laid end to end should sound like the argument in miniature.
Can a topic sentence be a quotation?
No. A quotation is evidence, and a paragraph that opens with evidence has not yet said what the evidence is for. Make the claim in your own words, then bring the quotation in to support it. This is one of the few places where the conventional advice is simply correct.
How do I fix a paragraph that has wandered?
Write the topic sentence last, describing what the paragraph actually did rather than what you meant it to do. Then decide whether that point belongs in this essay at all. Half the time the paragraph is fine and the opening line was wrong; the other half you have found a paragraph that belongs somewhere else, or nowhere.
آخر تحديث
معرفة الكلمة ليست كاستخدامها
يستطيع المعلّم أن يرى الطالب وهو يستعمله في سؤال، فيتبيّن أين يتوقف الفهم بالضبط. الحصة الأولى مجانية.